Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
◆短语归纳
- go on vacation去度假 2.be on vacation 度假 3.stay at home待在家里 4.go to the mountains去爬山
5.go to the beach去海滩 6.visit museums 参观博物馆 7.go to summer camp去参观夏令营
8.quite a few相当多 9.study for为……而学习 10.go out出去
11.most of the time大部分时间 12.taste good尝起来很好吃 13.have a good time玩得高兴
14.of course当然 15. in the past在过去 16.feel like给……的感觉
17.go shopping去购物 18.walk around四处走走 19.because of因为
20.one bowl of… 一碗…… 21.the next day第二天 22.drink tea喝茶
23.find out找出；查明 24.go on继续 25.take photos照相
26.something important重要的事27.up and down上上下下 28.come up出来
29.come down 下来 30.something important 重要的事情 31. too many太多
◆典句必背
- Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.
- Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.
- Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father.
- How was the food? Everything tasted really good.
- Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.
◆用法集萃
1.不定代词以及复合不定代词
不定代词有 all, each, both, either,neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few,
- little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone,
nothing等)。
在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every
构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。
复合不定代词：由some，any，no，every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。
somebody = someone某人 something 某物，某事
anybody = anyone任何人 anything什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物
nobody = no one没有人，不重要的人 nothing没有东西，什么也没有;不重要的人或事
everybody = everyone每人,人人,所有人 everything每一个事物，一切
词组：for nothing(徒劳，没有好结果，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，
It’s nothing. (不用谢，不必在意) anybody else(别人)
（1）复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语。
Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。（作主语）
I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。（作宾语）
That`s nothing.没什么。（作表语）
（2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
（3）代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词，用it；代替与-body, -one构成的复合不定代词，一般用they，
在正式文体中可用he。
如：Everyone knows what they have to do, don’t they ？
Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn’t he ? 每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗？
- something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、
疑问句或条件状语从句中。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（肯定句）
Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。 （肯定句）
Has anything happened ？出什么事了吗？ （疑问句）
We can`t decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。 （否定句）
If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条件状语从句）
（5）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词或不定式等其他定语则须放在它们的后面。
There is nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词）
This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。（形容词）
Is there anything important in today``s newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词）
Do you want anything to drink ?你想喝点什么吗？
If there is anything I can do for you , please tell me.如果有什么我能帮你的，请告诉我。
④除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，即everyone、everybody、someone，somebody都有所有格形式；当其后
有else时，’s要加在else后面。如： That must be somebody else’s coat; it isn’t mine. 那一定是别人的外衣，
不是我的。
⑤everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody, 只指人，不能与of短语连用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一
定要与of连用才可以。如：Is anybody here? 有人吗？
You can take any one of these. 你可以随便拿一个。
⑥与some-，any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于
否定句或疑问句中，not…any-构成完全否定，但没有any-…not的说法；与some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯
定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中
6)anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。
anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can’t find it anywhere.
somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.
分合皆能单独用，后加of合不成。
不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。
- buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物
3.系动词 + adj
taste + adj. 尝起来…look+adj. 看起来…smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 feel 感觉起来
taste delicious…look beautiful…smell terrible … sound wonderful… feel comfortable /tired / bored/
4.nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有
5.seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… No one seemed to be bored.
- seem to do sth.好像…… I seem to have a cold
I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe you.
seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea.
- arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地
- decide to do sth.决定去做某事
- try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事
- forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事
11.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
- want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事
- stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
- keep doing sth.继续做某事 keep on doing sth. 反复做某事有小停歇
15.Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？
16.so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于……
17.it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做…怎么样
18.tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事
- want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不要）做某事
20. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework.
但以下几种情况不能用begin .
1) 创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.
2) 机器开动： I can’t start my car.
3) 出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.
21. over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than
My father is over 40 years old.
在…之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.
超过： I hear the news over the radio.
遍及： I want to travel all over the world.
22. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.
too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。
We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much.
Much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。
The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast.
分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。
too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。
23.. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。
He can’t take a walk because of the rain.
because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。
I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.
- too,…to 太….以至于不能…. Mother is too tired to go to school.
- have fun doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
◆短语归纳
- help with housework帮助做家务 2.on weekends在周末 3.how often多久一次 4.hardly ever几乎从不 5.once a week每周一次 6. be free有空
7.twice a month每月两次 8.every day每天 9.swing dance摇摆舞
10.go to the movies去看电影 11.use the Internet用互联网 12.play tennis打网球
13.stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 14.at least至少 15. be good for对……有好处
16.have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 17.go to bed early早点睡觉
18.play sports进行体育活动 19.be bad for对……有坏处
20.Sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光
sb. spend time / money on sth.在某方面花费时间/金钱
sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花费时间/金钱
21.be good with与……友好相处 be good at sth./ doing sth 擅长某事/做某事
22.be friendly with sb. 与某人友好相处 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
23.be kind to sb. 对某人友好 24.go camping去野营
25.not…at all一点儿也不…… 26. in one’s free time在某人的业余时间
27.the most popular最受欢迎的 28.such as比如；诸如 29.old habits die hard积习难改 30.go to the dentist去看牙医 31.morn than多于；超过 32.less than少于
33.help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 34.take care of sb 照料某人
35.want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 36.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
37.ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 38.ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
39.by doing sth. 通过做某事 40.be late for 迟到 41.get in…进入…
42.use the Internet上网 43.look after sb 照顾某人 44.have to do sth必须做某事
◆典句必背
1.What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？
2.Which…do you like best? 你最喜欢
3.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少……?
4.主语+find+that从句. ……发现……
5.It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。
6.How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？
7.What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.
8.What do they do on weekends? They often help with housework.
9.What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.
10.How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month.
11.How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.
12.Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.
◆用法集萃
1.词语辨析：
①how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。
How often do you play sports? Three times a week.
②how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
③how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。
How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.
2.free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.
I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week.
还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。
The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay.
3.How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，
也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。
How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party?
4.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time.
stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.
5.go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.
go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.
6.find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.
find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.
find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.
- percent 百分数，
基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。
Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.
8.more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。
反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。
I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of asking question.
I’m afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： I’m afraid I have to go now.
be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：
①sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。
Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
②sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
③some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.
I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?
some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.
I ‘ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?
Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
◆短语归纳
1.more outgoing更外向 2.as…as…与……一样…… 3.the singing competition唱歌比赛
4.be similar to与……相像的/类似的 5.be the same as和……相同；与……一致
6.be different from与……不同 7.care about关心；介意 8.look after 照顾 take care of 照顾
9.be like a mirror像一面镜子 10.the most important最重要的 11.as long as只要；既然
12.bring out使显现；使表现出 13.get better grades取得更好的成绩 14.reach for伸手取
15.in fact事实上；实际上 16.make friends交朋友 17. the other其他的
18.touch one’s heart感动某人 19.be talented in music有音乐天赋 20.be good at擅长……
21.be good with善于与……相处22.have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣
23.make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 24.be good at doing sth擅长做某事
25.want to do sth.想要做某事 26.as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样……
◆典句必背
- It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。
2.Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.
3.That’s Tara, isn’t it?
4.Are you as friendly as your sister?
- I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.
6.Is Tom smarter than Sam? No,he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom.
7.Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.
8.Are you as friendly as your sister? No, I’m not. I’m friendlier.
9.Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.
10.Who’s more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.
◆用法集萃
1.laugh v. & n. 笑
We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。
We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。
（与at连用）嘲笑
Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。
Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。
笑；笑声
We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。
2.though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = although
Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。
Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。
注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：
Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）
though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。
Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though.
3.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：
- 原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really；
- 比较级，表示“较……”或“更……”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词much,a lot,a little；
3）最高级，表示“最……”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化：
| 构 成 方 法 | 原 级 | 比 较 级 | 最 高 级 | |
| 单音
节词 和部 分双 音节 词 |
一般在词尾加-er或-est | high
short |
higher
shorter |
highest
shortest |
| 以字母e词尾的词，加-r或-st | late
fine |
later
finest |
latest
finest |
|
| 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est | hot
big thin fat |
hotter
bigger thinner fatter |
hottest
biggest thinnest fattest |
|
| 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加
-er或-est |
funny
easy early |
funnier
easier earlier |
funniest
easiest earliest |
|
| 多音节词和部分双音节词 | 在词前加more或most | beautiful
athletic outgoing |
more beautiful
more athletic more outgoing |
most beautiful
most athletic most outgoing |
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化：
| 原 级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
| good/well | better | best |
| bad/badly | worse | worst |
| many/much | more | most |
| little | less | least |
| far | farther（更远）
further（更深远） |
farthest(最远)
furthest（最深远） |
4.as…(原级)as与……一样…… not as/so…as不如
Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom.
Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.
Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?
◆短语归纳
1.movie theater电影院 2.close to…离……近 3.clothes store服装店 4.in town在镇上
5.so far到目前为止 6.10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 7.talent show才艺表演
8.in common共同；共有 9.around the world世界各地；全世界 10.more and more……越来越……
11.and so on等等 12.all kinds of……各种各样的 13.be up to是……的职责；由……决定
14/not everybody并不是每个人 15.make up编造（故事、谎言等）
16.play a role in…在……方面发挥作用/有影响 17.watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事
18.for example例如 19.take…seriously认真对待 20.give sb. sth.给某人某物
- come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到
21.play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色
◆典句必背
1.It has the biggest screens.
2.The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.
3.How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？
4.Thanks forget telling me.
5.Can I ask you some questions?
6.Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。
7.much+ adj./adv.的比较级 …得多
8.one of+可数名词的复数 ……之一
9.Can I ask you some…?我能问你一些…吗？
10.How do you like…? 你觉得……怎么样？
11.What do you think of…?你认为…怎么样?
13.How far……?多远？
14.how much…….?多少钱？
15.How many……?多少？
16.How long…..?多长？
◆用法集萃
1.形容词和副词的最高级
比较级有变化，一般词尾加-er， 最高级有变化，词尾加上-est，
词尾若是哑音e, 直接加r就可以， 词尾若是哑音e, 直接加上-st，
辅音字母加y, 记得把y变i加-er, 辅音字母加y, y变i再加-est,
一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-er， 一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-est，
形副音节123，比较等级more在前。 形副单词多音节，最高级前the most。
- 表示由动词加-ing或-ed构成的形容词。
- 表示由形容词加后缀-ly构成的副词。
- 表示部分双音节及多音节词。
tall-- taller short-- shorter long-- longer
fat-- fatter heavy-- heavier thin -- thinner
cute -- cuter clever-- cleverest
strict -- stricter kind -- kinder nice -- nicer
calm -- calmer wild -- wilder smart -- smarter
quiet -- quieter loud-louder shy -- shier
lovely -- lovelier pretty-- prettier ugly-uglier
funny -- funnier friendly --friendlier / less friendly
happy--happier lazy -- lazier
popular -- more popular outgoing – more outgoing talented -- more talented
serious –more/less serious active -- more active athletic --more athletic
handsome --more handsome beautiful -- more beautiful hardworking – more/ less hardworking
( jump) high -- higher ( run ) fast -- faster
( work ) hard -- harder ( get up ) early -- earlier
( sing ) well -- sing better late -- later
( dance ) well -- dance better
( play basketball ) well -- (play basketball ) better
be good at -- be better at ( feel )good -- ( feel )better
(sing) clearly -- (sing) more clearly (speak) loudly -- (speak) more loudly
calmly -- more calmly wildly -- more wildly
quietly -- more quietly seriously --more seriously
actively -- more actively
- Can I ask you some questions? 我可以问你一些问题吗？疑问句为什么不用any而用some? 因为在向对方提出建议、请求或期望对方作出肯定回答时，用some,不用any
3.Thanks for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。 Thanks for …… “因……而感谢”，向对方表示感谢的句型，后面接名词、代词或动名词，也可以说成“Thanks sb. for …”
No problem. 不用客气。用来回答感谢，意思“不用谢；别客气”还用来表示同意或回答请求，有能力做某事，意为“没问题”
4.pretty bad 相当差，pretty 作副词，意为“相当” pretty cold 相当冷；pretty用作形容词时，意为“漂亮的，可爱的，美丽的”，通常说明女性、小孩或较小的物品。其比较级为prettier,最高级为prettiest。
5.He’s much better than other actors at finding the most interesting roles.他比其他演员更擅长找到最有趣的角色 much此处作程度副词，意为“……得多”，用于形容词或副词的比较级前面，相当于a lot。
6.10 minutes by bus 坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 10 minutes’ walk 步行10分钟的路程
two hours by train 坐火车两小时的路程
7.most creative 最具创造力的 creative形容词，有创造力的，创造性的；create 及物动词，意为“创造；创作”
8.It’s always interesting to watch other people show their talents.观看别人展示他们的才艺总是有趣的。Watch sb. /sth. do sth. 意为“观看某人或某物做某事”。后接不带to的动词不定式用宾语补足语，这样的动词还有：look at , see , watch, hear , listen to , notice , have, let ,make , help(也可带to)等。
9.Talent shows are getting more and more popular. 才艺越来越受欢迎。
more and more popular 意为“越来越流行”“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”
better and better 越