初中英语介词用法总结
一、几个常用介词用法归纳
(一)in的用法:
- 表示地点、位置。意思为“在……之中,在……里面”,例如:
(1)They often spend holidays in the country. 他们经常在乡下渡假。
(2)The children are playing in the yard. 孩子们在院子里玩耍。
常见搭配:
in the school 在学校里; in the way 挡路;
in the library在图书馆; in the bookcase 在书架中;
in the park在公园; in the chair 在椅子中(扶手椅);
in a car = by car 乘车; in the middle of 在……中间;
in church去教堂做礼拜; in front of 在……前面(外部);
in the church在教堂; in the front of 在……前面(内部);
in the hospital在医院; in the wall 在墙内(镶嵌);
in hospital在住院; in the tree 在树上(不表生长)
be ill in bed卧病在床; in one’s hand 在某人手中;
in this way 以这种方式; in the sun 阳光下;
in the rain 在雨中; in the wind 在风中;
in the sky 在天空中; in one’s dream 在梦中;
in the newspaper 在报纸上; in the book 在书上;
in my eyes 在我看来; be in 在家;
- 表示时间的范围。意为“在……时候”,如:
(3)He gets up at six in the morning. 他早晨6点起床。
(4)The Second World War ended in 1945. 第二次世界大战在1945年结束。
常见搭配:
in winter 在冬天; in the middle of May 五月中旬;
in the end 最后; in the future 在将来;
in the past 在过去; in the middle of the day 在中午;
in/over the last/past ten years在过去的十年中;
- 表示时间的经过。意思为“在……之后”,如:
(5)Can you finish your work in a day? 你能用一天完成这项工作吗?
(6)I’ll call back in ten minutes. 我10分钟后再回电。
常见搭配:
in a short time 很快; in no time 立刻;
- 表示状况、环境。意为“在……状态中,处在……之中”
(7)They live in peace. 他们过着平静的生活。
(8)I am in good shape. 我身体状况良好。
常见搭配:
in luck 运气好; in danger在危险之中;
in trouble处于困境; in business在经商;
in love恋爱中; in health身体健康;
- 穿着,戴着
(9)I met a man in a black shirt there. 我在那遇到一个穿黑色衬衣的人。
(10)That girls is in a red dress today. 那个女孩今天穿着一件红裙子。
常见搭配:
in blue 穿着蓝色衣服
- 用某种语言。
- He told me the story in English. 他用英语给我讲了这个故事。
- 用墨水
- He wrote me this letter in blue ink. 他用蓝色墨水给我写了这封信。
- 其他
常见搭配:
in half 成两半; in a hurry 急匆匆地;
in the long run从长远来说; in line 排成一行;
in nature 本质上; in order秩序井然;
in turns轮流; in all directions朝着四面八方;
in person亲自; be interested in对……感兴趣;
be strict in sth在某方面严格; succeed in doing成功做某事;
take pride in以……为豪; give in投降;让步;
let in让……进来; turn/hand in上交;
drop in on sb拜访; result in导致;
break in插话;破门而入; in a way在某种意义上;
in a word总而言之; in all总共;
in agreement with与……一致;同意;in control of掌控;
have...in common有共同之处; in case万一;
in favor of支持; in general一般来说;
in memory of作为纪念; in order按顺序;
in public公开地; in exchange for作为交换;
in short简言之; in silence在沉默中;
in the air悬而未决; keep in touch保持联系;
in practice从实践上看; in return作为报答;
in time及时; join in参与;
take part in参加; take in吸入;
(二)on的用法:
- 表示位置,意为“在……之上,在……的表面”,例如:
(1)There is a pen on the table. 桌子上有一支笔。
(2)Put it on the shelf. 把它放在书架上。
常见搭配:
on the wall 在墙上; on the tree 长在树上;
on a bus/train/plane/subway/bike 乘坐……
on the way to... 在去某地的路上;on my way home 在我回家的路上;
on the playground 在操场上; on the desk 在桌上;
on the house 免费; on the farm 在农场;
on the right of 在……的右边;
- 表示“穿戴,附着于”
(3)She has a hat on her head. 她头上戴着帽子。
(4)Who will put a bell on the cat? 谁能把铃系在猫身上?
- 表示手段,使用……
(5)I watched the film on TV. 我在电视上看过那部电影。
(6)I called her up on the phone just now. 刚才我打电话给她。
常见搭配:
on the radio 在收音机上; on the Internet 在网上;
- 表示时间,主要指特定的某一天
(7)They arrived is Beijing on October 14th. 他们于10月14日到达北京。
(8)I sent my mother some beautiful flowers on her birthday.
在我母亲生日时,我送了她一些漂亮的花。
常见搭配:
on the weekend 在周末; on weekends 在周末;
on workdays在工作日; on Mother’s Day 在母亲节;
on Christmas eve 在平安夜; on a windy morning 在一个起风的早晨;
on one night 在某个晚上; on a starry night 在一个繁星闪烁的夜晚;
- 表示状态,意为“在进行中,于……状态”
(9)That house is on fire. 那座房子着火了。
(10)She is now on holiday. 她正在休假。
常见搭配:
on vacation 在度假; on leave 在请假时;
on sale 促销中; on show 正在上演;
on duty 值班; on fire 起火;
on display正在展出;
- 表示“关于”
a book on artificial intelligence一本关于人工智能的书
advice on how to keep healthy关于如何保持健康的建议
- 其他
常见搭配:
put on 穿上; leave the lights on 让灯开着;
keep on 继续; go on 继续;
on foot 步行; on time 准时;
go on a picnic 去野炊; on the north of 在……北边(外部接壤);
come on 加油;得了吧; on the eve of 在……前夕;
get on the train 上车; hang on稍等;别挂断;
play a joke on开玩笑; play tricks on恶作剧;
live/feed on以……为食; work on致力于;
turn on打开; read on继续读;
get on上车; agree on sth就……达成一致;
call on拜访; fix one’s eyes on注视;
pass on传递; on one’s own独自;
take on呈现; try on试穿;
be on上演;上映; from now on从现在开始;
from then on从那时起; get on with与……和谐相处;
look on旁观; on earth究竟;
decide on sth就某事做出决定; spend...on sth在……花费……;
carry on继续;
(三)at的用法:
- 表示场所,原则at使用在小地方
(1)Let meet at the station. 让我们在火车站见面。
(2)He stood at the end of the line. 他站在一排的最后。
常见搭配:
at the bus stop 在公交车站; at the door 在门边;
at the table 在桌边; at table 在吃饭时;
arrive at+小地点 到达; call/email sb at... 打电话/发邮件;
knock at the door敲门
- 表示具体时间和在……岁时
(3)School begins at 8:00 a. m. 学校上午8:00开始上课。
(4)He came to Beijing at the age of eighteen. 他18岁来北京。
常见搭配:
at lunchtime在午餐时分; at night 在晚上;
at noon 在午夜; at dawn 在晨曦;
at daybreak 在破晓时分; at dusk 在黄昏;
at midnight 在午夜; at Christmas 在圣诞节;
at Spring Festival 在春节; at this time 在此时;
at this moment 在此刻; at this hour 在此时;
- 表示目标、方向,可译为“冲着;朝着”
(5)They laughed at him. 他们嘲笑他。
(6)He shot at the bird. 他瞄准那只鸟射击。
常见搭配:
shout at 对某人生气地大喊; smile at sb 向某人微笑;
be angry at sth 对某事生气; be good at sth 擅长;
look at 看着; come at 攻击;
point at指着;
- 表示在从事……中
(7)He was still at work in the office. 他仍然在办公室工作。
(8)Children are at play. 孩子们正在玩。
常见搭配:
at school 在上学;
- 表示状态,在……状态中
(9)He is at rest in the bed. 他正在床上休息。
(10)Flowers are at their best. 盛开着的鲜花。
- 表示原因
(11)She was surprised at what he said. 她听到他说的话感到惊讶。
(12)I was very pleased at the news. 我因那消息而感到高兴。
- 其他
常见搭配:
at most 至多; at least 至少;
at the end of 在……末; at the back of 在……后部;
at the foot of在……脚下; at the top of 在……顶部;
at the price of 以……的价格; at last最终;
at times有时候; at first首先;
at present目前; at once立刻;
at the same time同时; at breakfast早餐时;
at the age of在……岁时; at a speed of以……的速度;
at the beginning of在……的开端;be surprised at对……感到惊奇;
at a meeting在开会; at this time of year在每年的这个时候;
not at all一点也不;
(四)with用法:
- 表示共同,伴随
(1)He often goes fishing with his little son. 他常常带他的小儿子去钓鱼。
(2)Come with me. 跟我一起来吧。
常见搭配:
get on with sb 与某人相处愉快; be good with sb 善于应付;
make friends with sb 交朋友; talk with sb 与……谈话;
chat with sb 与……闲聊; play with sb 与……一起玩;
fall in love with sb 爱上; fight with sb 与……打架;
quarrel with sb 与……吵架; argue with sb 与……吵架/争论;
discuss sth with sb 与……讨论; agree with sb 同意;
- 表示附有,带有
(3)I have no money with me. 我没有带钱。
(4)She is a girl with long hair. 她是一个长头发的少女。
- 表示手段、工具,用……
(5)He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。
(6)I saw it with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到的。
- 表示赞成
(7)I agree with you. 我同意你的意见。
(8)We are with you all the way on this. 关于这一件事,我们一直站在你这一边。
- 表示一致,符合
(9)Which dress goes better with this pair of shoes?
哪条裙子能配这双鞋?
(10)His selfish actions don’t correspond with his words.
他自私的行为与他的言论不一致。
- 表示用……材料
(11)The pillow is stuffed with feathers. 那个枕头填着羽毛。
(12)I like eating a cake made with fruit. 我喜欢吃用水果做的蛋糕。
- 其他
常见搭配:
with the help of 在某人的帮助之下; be strict with sb 对某人严格;
do with 对付; be busy with sth忙于;
be angry with sb对某人生气; live with 和某人一起居住;忍受;
be patient with sb对某人有耐心; start with以……开始;
end with以……结束; to begin/start with首先;
deal with处理; do with处理;
do without没有……也行; meet with遭受;
catch up with赶上; keep up with赶上;保持;
come up with想出; be filled with填满了;
get in touch with与……取得联系; What’s the matter with;
There is something wrong with...; share sth with与……分享;
shake hands with与……握手; with comfort舒适地;
with excitement;with care;with ease;with respect;
be bored with=be fed up with对……感到厌倦;
be covered with被……覆盖; be crowded with挤满;
be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意; be busy with忙于;
connect with与……有联系; be popular with受……喜爱;
provide sb with sth供应某人某物;
(四)for用法:
- 表示目的或对象;“为了;给”。
(1)Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party. 感谢你邀请我参加你的生日派对。
(2)We have sweaters for girls. 我们有给女孩子穿的毛衣。
常见搭配:
go out for a walk去散步; for what 为什么;
wait for等候; What can I do for you?
be good for sb对某人有好处; buy sth for sb 给某人买某物;
ask sb for sth 索取讨要某物; be for sb 给某人;
- 表示时间持续
(3)They lived in London for ten years. 他们在伦敦居住了十年。
- 表示价格
(1)You can have it for 10 dollars. 你可以十美元买下它。
- 其他
常见搭配:
as for 至于;
be convenient for sb对……来说方便;
be late for迟到; be dying/thirsty/hungry for渴望;
call for号召;征召; care for喜欢;照顾;
change...for...用……交换……; leave for前往;
search +地点+for寻找; look for寻找;
pay for支付;
praise/punish sb for为……赞扬/惩罚某人;send for派人去请;
stand for代表; fight for为……而斗争;
make up for弥补; sign up for报名参加;
have a gift/talent for对……有天赋; prepare for为……做准备;
be ready for准备就绪; study for tests备考;
make room for为……腾出空间; take a message for为……带口信;
be known/famous for以……而出名; for one’s good为某人着想;
for sale待售; for free免费;
for the present=for the time being暂时; for example例如;
for the following reasons理由如下; except for除了(局部);
argue for赞成;为……辩护;
(五)about用法:
常见搭配:
ask about询问……的情况; care about在乎;
complain about抱怨; learn about了解;
set about doing着手; talk about谈到;
think about考虑; worry about担忧;
look about环顾; have a discussion about讨论;
- over用法:
常见搭配:
over and over again一再; think over仔细考虑;
fight over sth在某事上争斗; take over接手;
hand over移交; come over过来;克服
over there在那里; get over克服;
- up用法:
- 完全地、彻底地,如use up;cut up;drink up;eat up等
- 向上的趋势,如go up;come up;run up;walk up等;
常见搭配:
put up举起;张贴;过夜;建造; lift up举起;
fix up修理;安装; get up起床;
give up(doing)放弃; come up with想出;提出;
stand up站立; pick up捡起;接孩子;接电话;
grow up长大; look up抬头看;查阅;
take up(doing)拿起;开始从事; set up设立;建立;
drink up喝光; cut up切碎;
eat up吃光; use up用光;
pay up付清; fill up装满;
end up(doing)结束;以……告终; break up分裂;分手;
speed up加速; show up出现;
turn up出现; come up上来;
cheer up振作起来; bring up抚育;
clean up清理; make up化妆;弥补;编造;
shut up关闭;闭嘴; keep up with跟上;不落后;
look up to尊敬; wake up醒来;
stay up熬夜; dress up盛装;
make up one’s mind下定决心; mix up混合;
time is up时间到; live up to遵守;达到标准;实现;
run up to跑到; walk up to走到;
be up to取决于; hurry up快点;
up and down上上下下; build up建立;
send up发射; what’s up怎么了
- out用法:
常见搭配:
break out爆发; carry out执行;贯彻;
lay out摆开;布置; check out结账后离开;办好手续离开;看一看
come out出版;太阳出来;开花; cut out删掉;割去;
drop out退学; work out成功发展;解决;计算;
give out分发;精疲力尽; find out查明;弄清楚;
go out出去;熄灭; die out灭绝;
leave out忽略;遗漏; look out=watch out留神;小心;
pick out选出; point out指出;
put out熄灭;扑灭; run out (of)用完;
set out动身;启程;开始; stand out引人注目;
turn out结果是;证明是; wear out穿破;用坏;
hand out分发; take out拿出;
sold out卖完;
- down用法:
常见搭配:
break down抛锚;分解; take down拆毁;记下;
calm down冷静下来; clime down爬下来;
come down下来;下降; cut down砍倒;
die down平息;逐渐消失; get down下来;
get down to doing开始认真着手做某事; let down使人失望;
look down upon/on鄙视; put down放下;记下;镇压;
sit down坐下; turn down拒绝;调低音量;
write down写下; lie down躺下休息;
- off用法:
常见搭配:
take off脱下;起飞; put off推迟;
turn off 关掉; get off下车;
have a day off请一天假; fall off从……掉下;
give off散发(光热气味等); cut off切断(电源物资等);
call off放弃;叫停; set off引爆;开始;
see sb off送行;
- from用法:
常见搭配:
be different form不同于; come from/be from来自;
from...to...从……到……; be/get tired from因为……而感到疲惫;
be made from由(看不出的材料)制成;
keep/stop/prevent sb from doing阻止某人做某事;
be absent from缺席; tell from从……判断;
apart from/aside from除……之外; from time to time时不时的;偶尔;
from now on从现在开始; from then on从那时起;
from day to day一天天; fall from从……掉下;
across from对面; from door(house)to door(house)挨家挨户;
far from远离; be 10 kilometers from离某地……远;
borrow from从……借来; buy sth from自……买;
graduate from毕业于; hear from sb收到某人的来信;
be formed from由……形成; die from因(内在因素)而去世;
result from由……产生;源自于; from one’s appearance从…的外表来看;
tell black from white识别黑白; hide sth from sb不让某人知道某人;
hide from sb躲避某人; take sth away from从……拿走某物;
save...from从……救出;使免遭; keep away from避开;不接近;
learn from从/向……学习;
- away用法:
常见搭配:
give away (to)赠送;泄露; pass away逝世(委婉表达);
put away收起来放到一边; get away(from)逃脱;脱身;离开;
take away带走; takeaway外卖;
look away看别处; be...away (from)离……多少距离;
break away挣脱; drive away开车离开;
run away跑掉;逃离; carry away带走;冲走;搬走;
clear away清除掉; eat away侵蚀;腐蚀;
- to用法:
常见搭配:
be/get used to doing习惯于; be related to与……有关;
be opposed to反对;与……相反; be close to接近于;几近;
next to邻近;挨近; be second to仅次于;
look forward to期盼; stick to坚持;
be known to sb为……所知; be/get married to嫁给;娶;
compare...to...把……比喻成……; be compared to被比喻成;
get down to doing认真着手做某事; lead to导致;
object to doing反对做某事; give rise to引起;
pay attention to注意; attend to照顾;
see to负责;注意; contribute to有助于;对……作出贡献;
reply to回复; add to增加了;
add up to总计为;加起来是; in addition to除了……之外;
be up to取决于;是……的责任; due to由于;
owing to由于; look up to尊敬;
live up to实现; prefer...to...比起……更偏爱……;
belong to属于; take to喜爱;
agree to sth同意某事; show honor to对……表示敬意;
put an end to终结; sth happen to sb某事发生于某人身上;
help oneself to随便吃;随便享用; do harm to/be harmful to对……有害;
be friendly/kind/nice to sb对某人友好;date back to追溯至;
when it comes to...当谈及……; come to realize逐渐意识到;
the key/answer/secret/solution to; explain sth to sb向某人解释某事;
treat sb to sth请某人吃某物; pay a visit to拜访;
be a stranger to sb对某人来说是谋生人;
on one’s way to去某地的路上; be senior to年长于;
be similar to与……相似; be open to sb对……开放;
be open to opinions欢迎批评; as to sth/as for sth至于;
thanks to多亏了; with regard to关于;
according to根据;依照; hold to/hold on to坚持;
keep sth to oneself保密;
- of用法:
常见搭配:
think of想起;想出; be afraid of害怕;
be made of由……制成; a waste of time浪费时间;
a matter of time时间问题; a friend of mine我的一个朋友;
one of +最高级 最……的之一; both of两者都;
all of全部都; neither of两者都不;
none of全部都不; be proud of以……为豪;
speak of提到;说起; speak highly of高度赞扬;
dream of doing梦想做某事; first of all首先;
be sure of sth对某事有把握; take care of照顾;
at this time of the year在一年的这个时候;
at the end/beginning of...在……末尾/开端;
It’s +adj.+of sb to do sth某人做某事是怎么样的(体现性格品质);
be of+n=be adj(例:be of importance=be important)
at the age of在……岁; at a speed of以……的速度;
die of因……而死; be tired of对……感到厌烦;
of course当然;自然; a lot of/lots of许多;
a little bit of一些; a number of许多;
the number of……的数量;
- after用法:
常见搭配:
look after照顾; take after像;
be named after以……的名字而命名;run after/be after追赶;追逐;
after all毕竟; after you您先请;
day after day日复一日; one after another接二连三;依次;
- against用法:
常见搭配:
be against doing反对做某事; fight against与……做抗争;
protect... against sth保护……使免于……的伤害;
against the wall倚靠着墙; beat against(雨)击打着;
against the wind逆风; argue against反对;
- by用法:
常见搭配:
pass/run/walk/drive/go by路过; by the river在河边;
by water通过水路; by air坐飞机;
by the way顺便说; by the end of....到……末为止;
get paid by the hour按小时付酬; one by one一个接一个;
by accident意外; by chance意外;
by mistake错误地;一不小心; by the back door从后门;
by oneself独自; bit by bit一点一点地;逐渐地;
by all means尽一切办法; word by word逐字逐句;